In the year 2005 google made a small beginner company called Android, that was developing a OS for mobile hand held devices which was based on Linux. An open handset alliance was set up by Google in 2007. 
Android operating system is an open source software for mobile handheld devices that has been developed by 82 companies with several technical collaboration. Android provides many user friendly features. Android permits other application developers for coding with java.
The simple android code has four layers:
1.Application Layer (AP):
The applications such as email, SMS, calender, web browser etc . are written using Java (J2ME). Android provides most of the basic applications.
2.Application Framework:
It is used for implementing a structure for variety of applications. This framework facilitates the user with services to develop applications. The system manager includes content provider and manager.
3.Library and Runtime:
Android OS has libraries and runtime. Multiple languages such as C and C++ are used for its library. A Java interface is made for calling library function.
The runtime contains two main components. A group of libraries is used. The Dalvik virtual machine. A Java program is translated into machine code of device using Dalvik virtual machine. The code is executed by the OS. It is then compiled to an ARM code, and also installed with the help of Android Kit (SDK).
4.Kernal:
The Kernal of Android OS is based on Linux Kernal. Android implements its mobile device drivers, process management, memory management and also networking functions based on Linux kernal code.
Watch the below video to learn android tutorial
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